Why This Matters
Real estate fraud includes schemes where criminals manipulate transactions, misrepresent ownership, use falsified documents or redirect funds during closing. Title and settlement professionals are frequent targets because they handle sensitive financial information, verify ownership and transfer funds. Preventing fraud requires secure processes, staff training, consumer awareness and clear communication throughout the transaction.
Types of Fraud in Real Estate
Deed and Mortgage Fraud
Deed and mortgage fraud involve forged documents, false information or unauthorized actions used to manipulate property ownership or financing. These schemes can create costly title defects and legal disputes.
Elder Abuse Fraud
Elder abuse fraud in real estate occurs when criminals exploit older property owners to gain access to their assets, often by manipulating, deceiving, or coercing them into transferring property rights or funds.
Seller Impersonation Fraud
Seller impersonation fraud occurs when criminals pose as property owners to sell real estate they do not own, often targeting vacant land, second homes, or investment properties.
Wire Fraud
Wire fraud occurs when criminals use fake or compromised communications to redirect closing funds to unauthorized accounts. These schemes often target real estate transactions because large sums of money move during closing.
Featured Resources
Commentary
Fraud Prevention Is a Hidden Key to Housing Affordability
In this RealClearPolitics op-ed, ALTA CEO Chris Morton argues that fraud prevention should be part of the housing affordability conversation. The piece explains how title professionals help reduce fraud risk, protect consumers and prevent hidden costs from being passed on to homebuyers, lenders and communities.
Commentary
The Hidden Housing Cost Washington Can’t Ignore: Real Estate Fraud
In this HousingWire commentary, ALTA CEO Chris Morton argues that real estate fraud is a hidden housing affordability cost that policymakers should not overlook. The article connects fraud prevention, title insurance and the work of title professionals to consumer protection, market stability and the long-term cost of homeownership.
Advocacy & Policy
Elder Real Estate Fraud and Financial Exploitation Prevention
This resource explains how older homeowners can be targeted through forged documents, coercion, misuse of power of attorney and other forms of financial exploitation. It also outlines legislative, enforcement and education initiatives policymakers can use to help prevent elder real estate fraud.
How Fraud Impacts Housing Affordability
This webpage explains why fraud prevention should be part of the housing affordability conversation, showing how fraud can increase costs for buyers, lenders and communities. It connects fraud prevention to market stability, consumer protection and the long-term cost of homeownership.
Meetings & Education
Cybersecurity and Fraud Prevention at 2026 ALTA ONE
ALTA ONE Omni Session speaker Gen. Paul Nakasone will bring a national security perspective to the cyber and fraud threats facing real estate transactions. Drawing on his experience leading U.S. Cyber Command and the National Security Agency, Nakasone will explore emerging risks and how title professionals can strengthen defenses and protect consumers. Register for ALTA ONE.
Learn How to Spot Elder Real Estate Fraud and Financial Exploitation
It’s always important for title and settlement agents to proceed cautiously when encountering irregularities or unusual situations at closing. Listen to this webinar to learn about the prevalence of elder fraud, red flags to be aware of, reporting options to law enforcement and potential legislation.
Guarding Your Closing Funds: Strategies to Combat Wire Fraud
Listen to this webinar recording as experts examine emerging fraudulent schemes, including the use of AI deepfake technology and seller impersonation, and provide essential strategies for companies to protect themselves and their clients.
ALTA and PRIA Joint Fraud Forum
ALTA and the Property Records Industry Association (PRIA) held a joint fraud forum on April 17. Experts shared information and suggestions on efforts to address deed and seller impersonation fraud.
Resources & Tools
5 Tips to Avoid Wire Fraud
When buying a home, be on alert for email or phone scams that will try to steal your money. Criminals can pose as your real estate agent, settlement agent or other trusted professional and provide false instructions for wiring mortgage closing funds. Watch this video for tips to avoid these scams.
Be a Savvy Consumer & Protect Yourself from Seller Impersonation Fraud
Seller impersonation fraud occurs when criminals pose as property owners to illegally sell real estate they do not own. ALTA resources help consumers spot red flags, sign up for property alerts, understand title insurance options and respond quickly if they become victims.
Red Flags to Spot Seller Impersonation Fraud
Fraudsters are impersonating property owners to illegally sell commercial or residential property. Sophisticated fraudsters are using the real property owner’s Social Security and driver’s license numbers in the transaction, as well as legitimate notary credentials, which may be applied without the notary’s knowledge.
Protect Your Money from Wire Fraud Schemes When Buying a Home
Buying and selling a home is an exciting time, but there can be pitfalls for unsuspecting consumers. ALTA wants homeowners and sellers to be aware that criminals are using wire fraud schemes to steal funds intended for home purchases or the proceeds from property sales.
News & Insights
FBI Releases 2022 Congressional Report on BEC, Real Estate Wire Fraud
The FBI released a report that summaries its efforts to combat business email compromise (BEC) scams and real estate wire fraud by working with partners to identify perpetrators and dismantle their organizations. The report was spurred by ALTA’s efforts the past two years to get language included in various House and Senate appropriations reports directing respective agencies to report on efforts to combat and raise awareness of BEC and wire fraud, and collaborate with industry partners to address threats.
Wire Fraud: New Twist to Scamming Buyers
Scammers steal an email login, monitor conversations, pretend to be a title company or other entity involved in the transaction, and provide false deposit info. Now they’re doing it via virtual meetings.
Hackers Target Eager Homebuyers With a Dumb Scam That Keeps Working
Criminals have found a novel way to intercept wire transfers for down payments. Can a small team of Secret Service agents prevent your worst real estate nightmare? Earlier this year, ALTA’s advocacy team recently secured a win on the crucial legislative priority of wire fraud in real estate. Report language ALTA requested was included in the 2022 Omnibus Appropriations bill, which was recently passed by Congress and signed into law. This language directs the FBI to release a public report on the threat of BEC scams and to increase collaboration with industry and other private sector partners. Click here for resources to help inform and educate your customers about wire fraud.
Don’t Get Duped! 5 Common Real Estate Scams and How to Avoid Them
What’s one thing buyers, sellers, renters, and landlords all have in common? They can all fall victim to a real estate scam. In fact, home-related hoaxes are on the rise. Losses from real estate cybercrimes have gone up nearly as fast as home prices—totaling more than $350.3 million last year, an increase of 64%, according to the FBI’s most recent Internet Crime Report.
CertifID Launches New Wire Fraud Protection Solution
The new PayoffProtect solution uses machine learning to automate and standardize the mortgage payoff demand letter verification process. In more than 95% of cases, the company’s validation engine software authenticates loan payoff wiring instructions.
Good News for Good Deeds
Good news for the ALTA Good Deeds Foundation! CertifID, a wire fraud recovery and prevention company and ALTA Elite Provider, will be donating $25 to the ALTA Good Deeds Foundation for every person who attends a special webinar with ALTA CEO Diane Tomb. Register for this free session today.
Homebuyers Sue REX After Losing $140K in Wire Fraud Scam
The complaint alleges negligence and breach of fiduciary duty after an unknown third party impersonated the brokerage's title company and sent the buyers fraudulent wiring instructions.
Survey: Cyber Attacks Against Title Companies Continues to Increase
Cyber attacks targeting title and settlement companies remained the same or increased over the past year, according to a recent ALTA survey.
ALTA Secures BEC Language in House Appropriations Bills
This language directs the respective agencies to report on efforts to combat and raise awareness of business email compromise (BEC) schemes and collaborate with industry partners to address threats.
Scammers Finding New Ways to Take Advantage of Homebuyers
A Middle Tennessee man has a warning for others after he lost a quarter of a million dollars. Randall Shaw still can’t stomach the fact he almost lost that much money. “Nobody should every wire money based on an email they received,” said Diane Tomb, CEO of ALTA.
New Warning About Rise in Homebuying Scams
Good Morning America reported Tuesday on the increase of real estate wire fraud and how homebuyers can protect themselves. "Last year was a breakaway year, unfortunately, for consumers being victimized for real estate wire fraud as they're trying to get their downpayment and closing obligations satisfied, a lot of times by wire transfer," said Tom Cronkright, co-founder and CEO of CertifID.
Westcor, ClosingLock Partner to Help Combat Wire Fraud
Westcor Land Title Insurance Co. and ClosingLock are partnering to help combat wire fraud for the underwriter’s agents. The partnership will allow Westcor to offer ClosingLock to their agents, protecting them from wire fraud in addition to improving the closing experience.
How to Guard Against Losing Your Assets to Wire Fraud: A Growing Cybersecurity Threat
“We don’t want to see those trying to purchase homes derailed by wire transfer fraud. To help prevent this, we launched a campaign to inform homebuyers and policymakers about the dangers, along with signs of what may take place when closing on a new home or refinancing a mortgage,” said Jeremy Yohe, vice president of communications for the American Land Title Association.
Last Chance: Take ALTA's Wire Fraud & Cyber Crime Survey
The United States experienced an unprecedented increase in cyberattacks and malicious cyber activity as consumers lost $6.9 billion to internet crime in 2021, according to the FBI. Because of this, ALTA would like to know your company’s experience with wire transfer fraud or cybersecurity? Please take ALTA's Wire Fraud & Cyber Crime Survey to share your experience. The goal of the survey is to learn more about wire fraud incidents in the industry. Your participation and results of the survey will help ALTA continue to raise awareness and encourage federal agencies to focus more on the threat of wire transfer fraud. Survey results will help title and settlement agents benchmark wire fraud experiences and practices.
Arkansas Couple Scammed by Wire Transfer Fraud for $109,646
A husband and wife were planning a move to their new home in Wisconsin when they got scammed in a wire fraud transfer. The couple was expecting an email from Dairy State Bank in Wisconsin about closing costs for the new home.