Diminished Housing Wealth Effect Keeps Pressure on Fed

The wealth effect from rising house prices may not be as effective as it once was in spurring the U.S. economy.

Rather than using their properties as ATM machines to boost spending, homeowners increasingly are paying down the principal and shortening the maturities of their mortgages in a move Florida banker Rob Nunziata calls “forced savings.” Cash-in refinancings -- in which borrowers invest more of their own money in the house -- outnumbered cash-outs by more than two-to-one in the fourth quarter, according to Freddie Mac.